イーストゲートセンターは、ジンバブエのハラレにある、ショッピングセンターやオフィススペースなどからなる国内最大の複合施設です。ここではグリーン建築とエコロジーに配慮し、アクティブな冷暖房システムを使用せずに建物内の温度を調節しています。建物の外観はサボテンのように突起に覆われているようなデザインにし、表面積を増やすことで、日中の熱取得は抑えながら、夜間により多くの熱を逃がします。また、設計者のミック・ピアースはシロアリの巣からヒントを得て、構造体の上部にある煙突へ熱気が吸い上げられる換気システムを取り入れました。バイオミミクリーの原理を使い、劇的に少ないエネルギー消費を維持しつつ、快適な空間を構築し、結果的に入居者の家賃も低く抑えることに成功しています。

※バイオミミクリー（biomimicry）：人間社会の（特に）デザイン上の課題を解決するために、自然界に見られる戦略から学び、それを模倣する実践方法。

次の語句に最も適切な定義や同義語を選んで記号で答えましょう。

1. passive (a) the movement of fresh air, or the system that does this 

2. installation (b) devices or equipment designed to perform a specific task  

3. ventilation (c) the act of fixing equipment or furniture in position 

4. exploit (d) people who reside or are in a house, vehicle, etc., at a given time

5. facilitate (e) structures made of a large pile of earth, stones, etc. like a small hill 

6. enhance (f) make full use of and derive benefit from something 

7. generate (g) rise and fall irregularly in number or amount 

8. occupants (h) relating to mammals 

9. appliances (i) make (an action or process) easy or easier 

10. fluctuate (j) not acting to influence or change a situation

11. mounds (k) intensify, increase, or improve the quality, value, or extent of something

12. mammalian (l) produce or create 

Reading Page:

https://asknature.org/innovation/passively-cooled-building-inspired-by-termite-mounds/ 

1. Which underlined words are used POSITIVELY in the context of the article?

  (a) A traditional air-conditioning system

  (b) A self-regulating ventilation system

  (c) Passive internal airflow

  (d) Extreme outside temperature fluctuations

2. Which is NOT TRUE? 

  (a) Without an air-conditioning system, it is very hot inside most buildings in Harare even in winter.

  (b) The cost for the maintenance of a traditional air-conditioning system has to be paid immediately.

  (c) A self-regulating ventilation system can save them a lot of money at first and in the long run.

  (d) The heat generated inside the building ultimately makes the building cooler.

3. Which description is NOT TRUE about the construction and the design of the Eastgate Centre?

  (a) The construction materials help the building to store and release heat from the outside.

  (b) Fans are installed to send up the heat generated inside the building to the chimneys.

  (c) The building is modelled after the physical structure of termite mounds.

  (d) There are various holes and windows throughout the building to increase internal airflow.

4. Fill in the blanks.  (The choices include ones that are not used. Each choice can be used only once.)

The (  1  ) and energy-efficient mechanisms used in the Eastgate Centre were inspired by termite mounds (  2  ) our understanding of the function of mound structures has been altered (  3  ) then. (  4  ), the building’s mechanisms are (  5  ) working fine by storing and (  6  ) the heat from the outside on a time (  7  ), maintaining (  8  ) (  9  ) temperature regardless of the extreme changes in the (  10  ) temperature. 

(a) stable  (b) releasing  (c) cycle  (d) external  (e) internal  (f) passive  

(g) active  (h) Accordingly  (i) Nevertheless  (j) since  (k) although  (l) still 

持続可能な都市やコミュニティーの実現には、現在どのような問題や障害があるか。実現のためには具体的にどのようなアプローチが考えられるか。クラスメイトと意見を交わしてみましょう。

（１）　日本語で自分の意見を言ってみましょう。その際、その意見をサポートする理由や根拠を複数、付け加えてみましょう。

（２）　英語で自分の意見を言ってみましょう。下のサンプルを参考に、太字部分の表現を使ってみましょう。

• I strongly believe that biomimicry is an answer to our problem.

• I think we should listen to the people in the community more. 

• I’m not sure, but perhaps we should suggest the legislature to work with construction companies. 

（３）　英語で自分の意見に理由を付け加えてみましょう。

• I have a couple of reasons for this. One reason is . . . . Another reason is . . . .  

• There are three reasons for this. First, . . . . Second, . . . . Finally, . . . .  

（４）　まとめとして、英語で自分の意見を繰り返してみましょう。

• So, for these reasons, I think we should look into the technology of biomimicry. 

• So that’s why I believe we should create more opportunities to listen to the people in the community.