ユニセフ（国連児童基金）と世界保健機関（WHO）による、水と衛生に関する共同監査プログラム（JMP）から提出された報告書によると、世界の約22億人が、安全な飲み水の供給を受けられず、42億人が安全に管理されたトイレを使うことができず、30億人が基本的な手洗い施設のない暮らしをしています。コロナ禍においても世界の３割が家で手を洗うことができない状況で、学校などにも適切な衛生施設がないということが少なくありません。この世界的な水危機は、特に女性にとって極めて個人的な問題でもあります。生活に必要な水を何時間もかけて家へ運ぶのが女性の役目であったり、生理や出産の際の衛生を保つことができないからです。SDGsのターゲット6.2で、「女性および女子、ならびに脆弱な立場にある人々のニーズに特に注意を向ける」ことが目標と掲げられていることからも分かるように、水危機と衛生問題が女性の命と生活に大きく影響しているのです。

単語の説明として最も適切なものを選びましょう。

1. crisis (a)  the practice of keeping yourself and the things around you clean 

2. sanitation (b)  large or important enough to have an effect 

3. hygiene (c)  the system used to keep healthy standards in a place 

4. collective (d)  a container used for holding liquids 

5. significant (e)  the act of eating or drinking 

6. critical (f)  to give a person or other living thing the food and other substances 

7. vessel (g)  a time of great disagreement, confusion, or suffering 

8. consumption (h)  extremely important because a future situation will be affected by it

9. maintain (i)  done or shared by all members of a group of people  

10. nourish (j)  to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc 

Reading Page:

https://water.org/our-impact/water-crisis/womens-crisis/

1. TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN 

  (a) Women are responsible for all the water-related works at home.

  (b) Girls have time to wait for water and walk long distances to collect water because they don’t have to go to school.

  (c) Women have to work to earn money to buy clean water.

  (d) If women fail to get water for their families, they could all die.

2. TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN 

  (a) On average, every woman around the world spend 200 million hours collecting water in her life.

  (b) If you add up the time spent by women looking for toilets, it comes to 266 million hours a day.

  (c) In some parts of the world, water collection and finding a safe place to go take up most time of a woman’s day.

  (d) Being responsible for water collection limits women’s possibilities. 

3. Choose the least fit clause to complete the following sentence.

  “Access to safe water is a matter of life and death for women and their babies during pregnancy and after _______” 

  (a) because pregnant women cannot walk a long distance carrying heavy water home.

  (b) because drinking unclean water can harm the mother and the baby.

  (c) because pregnancy makes women weaker in body.

  (d) because hygiene is essential during pregnancy and childbirth.

4. Which of the following sentences most accurately describe the water crisis for women?

  (a) The water crisis is personal for women because women need more water than men do.

  (b) The water crisis is personal for women because they are responsible for the cooking, cleaning, and washing at home.

  (c) The water crisis is personal for women because they have no toilets at home.

  (d) The water crisis is personal for women because girls and women are more susceptible to dirty water than men.

※ Discussion Skill: Supporting reasons with examples

今回のリーディングテキストには、Target 6が特に女性にとって重要な問題であることが書かれていましたが、あなたはそれについてどう思いますか。

（１）　日本語で意見を言ってみましょう。その際、その意見をサポートする理由や根拠も示してください。

（２）　英語で意見を言ってみましょう。下のサンプルを参考に、太字部分の表現を使ってみましょう。

I strongly believe that women and girls are missing out on opportunities because of the water crisis, including the lack of access to safe water and proper sanitation. For instance, the water crisis is taking a large amount of time away from girls in many places. They are responsible for fetching water for their families. So, the number of girls who can go to school is far less than the number of boys who go to school. Also, the opportunities for girls lessen, and even the danger of death for them increases when girls’ periods start because of the lack of sanitary goods. Another example is that a lot of women lose their babies and even their ability to become pregnant again because they do not have enough clean water. 

その他、例を挙げて、自分の意見をサポートするのに使用できる表現

・Let me give you an example. 

・One good example is . . . 

・Specifically, . . . 

・. . . such as A, B, and C

（３）　英語でクラスメイトの意見の根拠や具体例を聞いてみましょう。

・Could you give me an example? 

・Are there any specific examples? 

・What are the examples of . . . ?